Everything about Gyulafeh Rv R totally explained
Alba Iulia (
Latin:
Apulum,
German:
Karlsburg/
Weißenburg,
Hungarian:
Gyulafehérvár, former ) is a city in
Alba County,
Transylvania,
Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the
Mureş River. The city is historically important for both
Romanians and
Hungarians .
History
The modern city is located near the site of the important
Dacian political, economic and social centre named
Apulon (believed by many archaeologists to be the Dacian fortifications on top of Piatra Craivii), mentioned by the ancient Greek geographer
Ptolemy. After the southern part of
Dacia became a province of the
Roman Empire, the capital of the Dacia Apulensis district was established here, and the city was known as
Apulum. Apulum was one of the largest centers in Roman Dacia and the seat of the
XIII Gemina Legion.
In the
9th century, the city was mentioned under the name of
Belgrad / Belograd ("White Castle" in Slavic languages), the
Hungarian Gestas mention a ruler named Geula/Gyula/Jula that had discovered the city and made it the capital of his dukedom during
10th century. Following the establishment of the
Catholic Transylvanian episcopacy after
Stephen I of Hungary adopted
Catholicism, the first cathedral was built in the
11th century. The present (Catholic) cathedral was built in the
12th or
13th centuries. In
1442,
John Hunyadi,
Voivod of Transylvania, used the citadel to make his preparations for a major battle against the
Ottoman Turks. The cathedral was enlarged during his reign and served as his place of entombment after his death.
As
Gyulafehérvár, Alba Iulia became the capital of the Principality of Transylvania in
1541, a status it was to retain until
1690. The
Treaty of Weissenburg was signed in the town in
1551. It was during the reign of Prince
Gabriel Bethlen that the city reached a high point in its cultural history, with the establishment of an academy. Further important milestones in the city's development include the creation of the
Batthyanaeum Library in the
18th century, and the arrival of the railway in the
19th century.
In November
1599,
Michael the Brave, Voivode of
Wallachia, entered Alba Iulia following his victory in the
Battle of Şelimbăr and became Voivode of Transylvania. In
1600 Michael gained control of
Moldavia, thereby uniting the three principalities under his rule until his murder in
1601 by
Giorgio Basta's agents. Michael's achievement has historic significance for the Romanians, representing the first unification of the three Romanian-populated principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania for 3 years.
In
1918, tens of thousands of Romanians (the exact number is disputed between Romanian and Hungarian historians) and representatives of the
Transylvanian Saxons and other minorities of Transylvania, gathered in Alba Iulia on
December 1, now commemorated as the
National Day in the post-communist Romania, to hear the proclamation of the union of Transylvania with the
Kingdom of Romania. In
1922,
Ferdinand of Romania was symbolically crowned
King of Romania in Alba Iulia in an act which mirrored the achievement of Michael the Brave.
György Jakubinyi was appointed
archbishop of the
archdiocese of Alba Iulia by
Pope John Paul II on
April 8,
1994.
In September 2007 a meeting of
AREV took place in Alba Iulia, in order to comment and refuse the EU Commissions reform project on Wine COM. The current COM is failing to achieve its aim of controlling surpluses, causing structural problems in the European wine market.
Sights
Charles VI of the
Holy Roman Empire. The
Habsburgs renamed the city
Karlsburg in honor of Charles. The upper city's
fortress with seven
bastions, in a stelar shape, was constructed between
1716–
1735 by Giovanni Morando Visconti, using the
Vauban system—the largest of this kind in
South-eastern Europe. Inside the fortress is the
Gothic Catholic cathedral (the most representative building for the Medieval Gothic style in Transylvania), and the Batthyaneum, a library of rare manuscripts founded in
1794. The tomb of John Hunyadi is located in the cathedral, as is that of the
Polish-born
Isabella Jagiełło, Queen of Hungary.
Notable residents
Arnsberg, Germany
Székesfehérvár, Hungary
Aeghio, Greece
Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Sliven, Bulgaria
Duzce, Turkey
San Benedetto del Tronto, ItalyFurther Information
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